The RePEc Blog

We just concluded a very calm month, with people visibly watching more the World Cup than doing bibliographic searches. We counted 608,512 file downloads and 2,029,548 abstract views, the lowest monthly numbers in two years. Still, 12 new RePEc archives joined: Universität Duisburg-Essen, SEACEN, La Trobe University, Oxford University (III), Sociedad Española de Historia Agraria, South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Australian National University (V), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Economic Research Forum (Egypt), US Environmental Protection Agency, Auburn University.

We also passed few important thresholds, the next month looks even more promising:

800000 full texts listed
350000 listed working papers
300000 items with citations
70000 articles with references

May was a rather unusual month. Traffic has be lighter than usual, with 751,319 file downloads and 2,512,833 abstract views, but a large number of bibliographic items were added to RePEc, about 14,000. At this pace, we should be reaching a million within the year!

Also, 12 new archives joined RePEc: Swiss Economics, National Bank of Serbia, Toulouse School of Economics, University of Copenhaguen (II), Universität Basel, US Department of Justice, Kasetsart University, Center for Strategic Research and Analysis, Institutul de Economie Mondiala, University of Warwick (III), Universität Münster (II) and the European Commission (II).

Finally, these are the thresholds we passed during this past month:
1000000 book abstract views
550000 listed articles
400000 book chapter downloads
250000 articles with abstracts
24000 registered authors
12000 online chapters

The bibliographic data used by RePEc services can only be as good as what publishers provide. While a post last month discussed how to improve citation coverage, the present one gives some advice to RePEc archive maintainers on how to improve their metadata to optimize their use in RePEc services. For starters, here is how a well formed RePEc template would look like:

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Daniel Rais
Author-Name: Peter Lawater
Author-Email: p.lawater@grandiose.edu
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Grandiose University
Author-Name: Jonathan Goldman
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Finance, Grandiose University
Author-Name: Zhiwei Chui
Title: Phases of Imitation and Innovation in a North-South Endogenous Growth Model
Abstract: In this paper, we develop a North-South endogenous growth model to examine three phases of development in the South: imitation of Northern products, imitation and innovation and finally, innovation only. In particular, the model has the features of catching up (and potentially overtaking) which are of particular relevance to the Pacific Rim economies. We show that the possible equilibria depend on cross-country assimilation effects and the ease of imitation. We then apply the model to analyze the impact of R&D subsidies. There are some clear global policy implications which emerge from our analysis. Firstly, because subsidies to Southern innovation benefit the North as well, it is beneficial to the North to pay for some of these subsidies. Secondly, because the ability of the South to assimilate Northern knowledge and innovate depends on Southern skills levels, the consequent spillover benefits on growth make the subsidizing of Southern education by the North particularly attractive.
Length: 26 pages
Creation-Date: 1996-07
Revision-Date: 1998-01
Publication-Status: Published in Review of Economics, March 1999, pages 1-23
File-URL: ftp://ftp.grandiose.edu/pub/econ/WorkingPapers/surrec9602.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
File-Function: First version, 1996
File-URL: ftp://ftp.grandiose.edu/pub/econ/WorkingPapers/surrec9602R.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
File-Function: Revised version, 1998
Number: 9602
Classification-JEL: E32, R10
Keywords: North-South, growth model, innovation assimilation
Handle: RePEc:aaa:wpaper:9602

This is just an example, and there are more fields that can be used. See the step-by-step instructions for opening a RePEc archive for much more details. But let me point out a few recommendations:

1. The more fields are filled, the better it is. But these fields must be legal, as defined in the documentation, or the entire template is rejected.
   
2. One put information relevant to a field. For example, there should be no affiliation in the Author-Name:, or no paper number in Title:.
   
3. The Author-Name field should contain only one author. Repeat the field for multiple authors! This is important, other wise we have difficulties attributing papers to authors on the RePEc Author Service.
   
4. If there are multiple versions of a paper within the same series, repeat the File-* block as in the example above instead of creating a new tempate.
   
5. Handle is a unique identifier that should not be changed, and in particular that should not be recycled. The latter point is very important, as handles provide links between papers, authors, references, citations, statistics, etc. Handle recycling introduces errors that are very, very cumbersome to correct.
   
6. Do not confuse fields. Too often, an abstract is put in Title:.
   
7. If you are not sure, check your template here.
   
8. And check your monthly emails for any errors we may have detected, or check your archive here. There is even a URL checker to help your work!
   

We frequently get requests for inclusions in RePEc, and often these are complaints that some papers on a university department web page or a personal home page are not being picked up. RePEc is not Google. RePEc does not have a web spider that wanders the web and looks for research in Economics. I do not even think it would be possible to do so, as identifying research and Economics on an automatic basis is very difficult.

Material listed on RePEc is submitted, either by about 1200 participating archives, that each have followed our instructions, or by authors themselves at the Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA). No need to send us links or papers. Just make sure your publisher participates, and if not upload your papers at MPRA (what you can in general also do for published material, see this previous blog entry).

And if you are really interested in a web spider for Economics, there is the Economic Search Engine (ESE), which uses in part RePEc data to search and index the subset of the web most likely related to Economics.

April has been a memorable month, with close to 40,000 works newly indexed. We thus reached 900,000 index works, of which 750,000 are online. Also, we have now counted 200 millions abstract views since the start of the project, a highly filtered number as the raw count before removing multiple views, robots and other “illegal” activity is four times that.

The 13 new archives that joined RePEc in April were: Chapman University, Africa Growth Institute, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (II), Programme National Persée, United Nations Development Programme, University of Winnipeg, University of Valencia (III), Leuphana University Lüneburg, Revista de Economía Crítica, Università Roma 1 (III), University of California-Davis, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Perú, Università Roma 2 (II).

And, finally, we reached an impressive list of thresholds during the month:
200,000,000 cumulative abstract views
900,000 listed works
750,000 listed online works
500,000 abstracts
24,000 registered authors
3,000 online books

Last month, participating RePEc services counted 1,001,805 file downloads and 3,425,056 abstract views. Yes, for the first time, we have over a million downloads within a month. This was achieved with record traffic at IDEAS and NEP. In particular, there have been now 150 million abstract views on IDEAS since this was counted.

We have welcomed 16 new archives: Competition Policy International, University of Maribor, Czech Econometric Society, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, EduSoft Publishing, Keio/Kyoto Joint Global COE Program, Polish Ministry of Finance, European Research Studies Journal, Feng Chia University, Osteuropa-Institut, Università Sapienza (II), Temple University, Université de Poitiers, Associazione Paolo Sylos Labini, St. Petersburg State University, Turkish Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency.

Finally, these are the thresholds we passed last month:
1,000,000 monthly downloads
500,000 items claimed in author profiles
450,000 online articles listed
12,000 book chapters listed
7,000 books listed
2,500 online books listed